GP Practice

Honiton Surgery

L83002

Compare to

Registered patients

17,822

NHS Digital list size

GP FTE

10.39

NHS Digital workforce

Patients per GP FTE

1,715

Items per patient

2.13

prescribing volume

GPPS overall good

79.9%

patient experience

Access KPIs · August 2025

Same-day %

45.8%

Month: August 2025

Appts per 1K patients

552

all bookings (incl. triage)

Patient contacts per 1K

534

F2F + phone + video only

28+ day backlog

9.4%

long-wait share

Source: NHS Digital appointments dataset (latest published month).

Operating model mix · August 2025

Face-to-face45.4%
Telephone45.6%
Video / online5.9%
Triage33.1%

Share of appointments by delivery channel in the latest reporting month.

vs National average

KPIThis practiceNational avgΔ
Same-day %45.8%43.0%+2.8%
Face-to-face %45.4%58.4%-13.0%
Telephone %45.6%21.9%+23.7%
Appts per 1K551.5479.7+71.8
Triage %33.1%8.7%+24.4%

National averages computed across 6,144 GP practices. Green Δ = above national for "higher is better" KPIs; red = the opposite.

Access trend (last 12 months)

2023-082024-092025-080234770Same-day % · 2023-08: 28.7%Same-day % · 2023-09: 25.6%Same-day % · 2023-10: 26.1%Same-day % · 2023-12: 31.5%Same-day % · 2024-01: 29.8%Same-day % · 2024-02: 29.1%Same-day % · 2024-03: 29.8%Same-day % · 2024-04: 28.5%Same-day % · 2024-05: 28.4%Same-day % · 2024-06: 27.6%Same-day % · 2024-07: 26.0%Same-day % · 2024-08: 25.4%Same-day % · 2024-09: 26.2%Same-day % · 2024-10: 25.9%Same-day % · 2024-11: 27.8%Same-day % · 2024-12: 29.7%Same-day % · 2025-01: 39.3%Same-day % · 2025-02: 45.5%Same-day % · 2025-03: 44.3%Same-day % · 2025-04: 41.9%Same-day % · 2025-05: 45.9%Same-day % · 2025-06: 48.8%Same-day % · 2025-07: 48.2%Same-day % · 2025-08: 45.8%F2F % · 2023-08: 56.9%F2F % · 2023-09: 62.9%F2F % · 2023-10: 61.7%F2F % · 2023-12: 53.8%F2F % · 2024-01: 53.5%F2F % · 2024-02: 56.3%F2F % · 2024-03: 56.4%F2F % · 2024-04: 52.5%F2F % · 2024-05: 55.9%F2F % · 2024-06: 53.5%F2F % · 2024-07: 55.3%F2F % · 2024-08: 54.3%F2F % · 2024-09: 56.6%F2F % · 2024-10: 58.9%F2F % · 2024-11: 54.7%F2F % · 2024-12: 51.7%F2F % · 2025-01: 47.3%F2F % · 2025-02: 47.4%F2F % · 2025-03: 46.9%F2F % · 2025-04: 48.0%F2F % · 2025-05: 45.2%F2F % · 2025-06: 44.9%F2F % · 2025-07: 45.8%F2F % · 2025-08: 45.4%Phone % · 2023-08: 29.4%Phone % · 2023-09: 25.8%Phone % · 2023-10: 25.9%Phone % · 2023-12: 28.4%Phone % · 2024-01: 29.1%Phone % · 2024-02: 28.6%Phone % · 2024-03: 29.7%Phone % · 2024-04: 31.0%Phone % · 2024-05: 28.1%Phone % · 2024-06: 31.5%Phone % · 2024-07: 30.6%Phone % · 2024-08: 30.6%Phone % · 2024-09: 28.7%Phone % · 2024-10: 27.1%Phone % · 2024-11: 30.8%Phone % · 2024-12: 34.2%Phone % · 2025-01: 43.8%Phone % · 2025-02: 46.6%Phone % · 2025-03: 47.7%Phone % · 2025-04: 45.5%Phone % · 2025-05: 45.2%Phone % · 2025-06: 46.4%Phone % · 2025-07: 45.8%Phone % · 2025-08: 45.6%Video % · 2023-08: 8.5%Video % · 2023-09: 7.4%Video % · 2023-10: 7.5%Video % · 2023-12: 13.9%Video % · 2024-01: 14.1%Video % · 2024-02: 11.5%Video % · 2024-03: 10.5%Video % · 2024-04: 13.0%Video % · 2024-05: 12.6%Video % · 2024-06: 11.4%Video % · 2024-07: 11.3%Video % · 2024-08: 12.6%Video % · 2024-09: 11.9%Video % · 2024-10: 11.1%Video % · 2024-11: 11.5%Video % · 2024-12: 11.4%Video % · 2025-01: 5.3%Video % · 2025-02: 3.5%Video % · 2025-03: 3.0%Video % · 2025-04: 3.6%Video % · 2025-05: 6.5%Video % · 2025-06: 5.7%Video % · 2025-07: 5.6%Video % · 2025-08: 5.9%Triage % · 2023-08: 14.0%Triage % · 2023-09: 11.1%Triage % · 2023-10: 11.7%Triage % · 2023-12: 11.4%Triage % · 2024-01: 11.3%Triage % · 2024-02: 12.1%Triage % · 2024-03: 12.8%Triage % · 2024-04: 13.0%Triage % · 2024-05: 13.2%Triage % · 2024-06: 12.2%Triage % · 2024-07: 12.7%Triage % · 2024-08: 12.8%Triage % · 2024-09: 11.6%Triage % · 2024-10: 12.9%Triage % · 2024-11: 13.0%Triage % · 2024-12: 13.5%Triage % · 2025-01: 24.4%Triage % · 2025-02: 30.3%Triage % · 2025-03: 30.9%Triage % · 2025-04: 30.2%Triage % · 2025-05: 29.2%Triage % · 2025-06: 32.8%Triage % · 2025-07: 33.2%Triage % · 2025-08: 33.1%

NHS Digital appointments dataset · last 24 months (2023-08 → 2025-08). Click a chip to toggle a series; the y-axis re-zooms to fit.

Total appointments (last 12 months)

2023-082024-092025-088,2959,82711,35912,8912023-08: 10,256 appointments2023-09: 11,522 appointments2023-10: 12,282 appointments2023-12: 8,740 appointments2024-01: 10,861 appointments2024-02: 9,853 appointments2024-03: 9,366 appointments2024-04: 10,052 appointments2024-05: 9,548 appointments2024-06: 9,334 appointments2024-07: 10,556 appointments2024-08: 9,228 appointments2024-09: 9,423 appointments2024-10: 10,199 appointments2024-11: 10,008 appointments2024-12: 8,764 appointments2025-01: 10,407 appointments2025-02: 10,083 appointments2025-03: 10,921 appointments2025-04: 10,335 appointments2025-05: 10,552 appointments2025-06: 11,330 appointments2025-07: 12,446 appointments2025-08: 9,828 appointments

Raw appointment count per month, last 24 months. Single-practice count.

Demand — appointments per 1,000 patients (last 12 months)

2023-082024-092025-084655516377232023-08: 575.5 appts per 1,000 patients2023-09: 646.5 appts per 1,000 patients2023-10: 689.1 appts per 1,000 patients2023-12: 490.4 appts per 1,000 patients2024-01: 609.4 appts per 1,000 patients2024-02: 552.9 appts per 1,000 patients2024-03: 525.5 appts per 1,000 patients2024-04: 564 appts per 1,000 patients2024-05: 535.7 appts per 1,000 patients2024-06: 523.7 appts per 1,000 patients2024-07: 592.3 appts per 1,000 patients2024-08: 517.8 appts per 1,000 patients2024-09: 528.7 appts per 1,000 patients2024-10: 572.3 appts per 1,000 patients2024-11: 561.6 appts per 1,000 patients2024-12: 491.8 appts per 1,000 patients2025-01: 583.9 appts per 1,000 patients2025-02: 565.8 appts per 1,000 patients2025-03: 612.8 appts per 1,000 patients2025-04: 579.9 appts per 1,000 patients2025-05: 592.1 appts per 1,000 patients2025-06: 635.7 appts per 1,000 patients2025-07: 698.4 appts per 1,000 patients2025-08: 551.5 appts per 1,000 patients

Monthly appointments per 1,000 registered patients — list-size-normalised demand. Last 24 months.

Wait time distribution · last 24 months

0%25%50%75%100%August 2023 · Same day: 28.7%August 2023 · 1 day: 8.5%August 2023 · 2–7 days: 20.7%August 2023 · 8–14 days: 12.6%August 2023 · 15–21 days: 6.8%August 2023 · 22–28 days: 7.1%August 2023 · > 28 days: 15.6%September 2023 · Same day: 25.6%September 2023 · 1 day: 7.1%September 2023 · 2–7 days: 19.5%September 2023 · 8–14 days: 10.9%September 2023 · 15–21 days: 7.6%September 2023 · 22–28 days: 5.2%September 2023 · > 28 days: 24.2%October 2023 · Same day: 26.1%October 2023 · 1 day: 7.4%October 2023 · 2–7 days: 21.1%October 2023 · 8–14 days: 15.7%October 2023 · 15–21 days: 10.8%October 2023 · 22–28 days: 7.6%October 2023 · > 28 days: 11.3%December 2023 · Same day: 31.5%December 2023 · 1 day: 9.2%December 2023 · 2–7 days: 22.3%December 2023 · 8–14 days: 12.8%December 2023 · 15–21 days: 6.5%December 2023 · 22–28 days: 5.5%December 2023 · > 28 days: 12.3%January 2024 · Same day: 29.8%January 2024 · 1 day: 8.1%January 2024 · 2–7 days: 26.3%January 2024 · 8–14 days: 13.2%January 2024 · 15–21 days: 7.1%January 2024 · 22–28 days: 4.3%January 2024 · > 28 days: 11.2%February 2024 · Same day: 29.1%February 2024 · 1 day: 6.7%February 2024 · 2–7 days: 22.8%February 2024 · 8–14 days: 17.7%February 2024 · 15–21 days: 9.0%February 2024 · 22–28 days: 5.1%February 2024 · > 28 days: 9.8%March 2024 · Same day: 29.8%March 2024 · 1 day: 6.2%March 2024 · 2–7 days: 20.7%March 2024 · 8–14 days: 16.3%March 2024 · 15–21 days: 10.2%March 2024 · 22–28 days: 6.3%March 2024 · > 28 days: 10.5%April 2024 · Same day: 28.5%April 2024 · 1 day: 5.7%April 2024 · 2–7 days: 18.9%April 2024 · 8–14 days: 17.4%April 2024 · 15–21 days: 10.9%April 2024 · 22–28 days: 6.2%April 2024 · > 28 days: 12.5%May 2024 · Same day: 28.4%May 2024 · 1 day: 5.8%May 2024 · 2–7 days: 18.2%May 2024 · 8–14 days: 13.9%May 2024 · 15–21 days: 12.4%May 2024 · 22–28 days: 6.8%May 2024 · > 28 days: 14.5%June 2024 · Same day: 27.6%June 2024 · 1 day: 5.3%June 2024 · 2–7 days: 20.4%June 2024 · 8–14 days: 11.9%June 2024 · 15–21 days: 12.4%June 2024 · 22–28 days: 9.2%June 2024 · > 28 days: 13.1%July 2024 · Same day: 26.0%July 2024 · 1 day: 5.1%July 2024 · 2–7 days: 21.4%July 2024 · 8–14 days: 12.9%July 2024 · 15–21 days: 12.8%July 2024 · 22–28 days: 8.0%July 2024 · > 28 days: 13.8%August 2024 · Same day: 25.4%August 2024 · 1 day: 5.8%August 2024 · 2–7 days: 21.2%August 2024 · 8–14 days: 15.4%August 2024 · 15–21 days: 11.9%August 2024 · 22–28 days: 7.8%August 2024 · > 28 days: 12.4%September 2024 · Same day: 26.2%September 2024 · 1 day: 5.8%September 2024 · 2–7 days: 21.5%September 2024 · 8–14 days: 18.1%September 2024 · 15–21 days: 8.9%September 2024 · 22–28 days: 6.9%September 2024 · > 28 days: 12.8%October 2024 · Same day: 25.9%October 2024 · 1 day: 5.7%October 2024 · 2–7 days: 20.1%October 2024 · 8–14 days: 17.5%October 2024 · 15–21 days: 8.7%October 2024 · 22–28 days: 8.5%October 2024 · > 28 days: 13.6%November 2024 · Same day: 27.8%November 2024 · 1 day: 4.9%November 2024 · 2–7 days: 19.1%November 2024 · 8–14 days: 12.4%November 2024 · 15–21 days: 9.7%November 2024 · 22–28 days: 10.9%November 2024 · > 28 days: 15.3%December 2024 · Same day: 29.7%December 2024 · 1 day: 4.8%December 2024 · 2–7 days: 18.3%December 2024 · 8–14 days: 12.2%December 2024 · 15–21 days: 8.3%December 2024 · 22–28 days: 8.9%December 2024 · > 28 days: 17.8%January 2025 · Same day: 39.3%January 2025 · 1 day: 8.1%January 2025 · 2–7 days: 17.2%January 2025 · 8–14 days: 7.6%January 2025 · 15–21 days: 5.5%January 2025 · 22–28 days: 5.0%January 2025 · > 28 days: 17.4%February 2025 · Same day: 45.5%February 2025 · 1 day: 6.3%February 2025 · 2–7 days: 18.9%February 2025 · 8–14 days: 14.9%February 2025 · 15–21 days: 7.1%February 2025 · 22–28 days: 2.9%February 2025 · > 28 days: 4.5%March 2025 · Same day: 44.3%March 2025 · 1 day: 4.6%March 2025 · 2–7 days: 14.1%March 2025 · 8–14 days: 11.3%March 2025 · 15–21 days: 10.9%March 2025 · 22–28 days: 6.1%March 2025 · > 28 days: 8.8%April 2025 · Same day: 41.9%April 2025 · 1 day: 4.9%April 2025 · 2–7 days: 15.7%April 2025 · 8–14 days: 11.5%April 2025 · 15–21 days: 9.5%April 2025 · 22–28 days: 6.7%April 2025 · > 28 days: 9.7%May 2025 · Same day: 45.9%May 2025 · 1 day: 6.2%May 2025 · 2–7 days: 12.5%May 2025 · 8–14 days: 11.6%May 2025 · 15–21 days: 8.6%May 2025 · 22–28 days: 5.8%May 2025 · > 28 days: 9.4%June 2025 · Same day: 48.8%June 2025 · 1 day: 4.5%June 2025 · 2–7 days: 12.2%June 2025 · 8–14 days: 10.8%June 2025 · 15–21 days: 9.8%June 2025 · 22–28 days: 5.9%June 2025 · > 28 days: 8.1%July 2025 · Same day: 48.2%July 2025 · 1 day: 5.6%July 2025 · 2–7 days: 12.9%July 2025 · 8–14 days: 11.3%July 2025 · 15–21 days: 8.0%July 2025 · 22–28 days: 5.1%July 2025 · > 28 days: 8.9%August 2025 · Same day: 45.8%August 2025 · 1 day: 6.1%August 2025 · 2–7 days: 14.1%August 2025 · 8–14 days: 11.1%August 2025 · 15–21 days: 7.8%August 2025 · 22–28 days: 5.7%August 2025 · > 28 days: 9.4%Aug '23Dec '23Mar '24Jun '24Sep '24Dec '24Mar '25Jun '25Aug '25
Same day
1 day
2–7 days
8–14 days
15–21 days
22–28 days
> 28 days

Share of booked appointments by booking-to-appointment wait, one stacked bar per published month. Greener bars = stronger same-day access; redder bars = longer-wait backlog. Defaults to the last 24 months (max 24 on the public surface).

Demand pressure

MEDIUMscore 48/100
  • Very high demand (>500 appts/1K)
  • Elevated long-wait rate

Composite score across appointment volume, same-day access and long-wait share over the last 3 months.

6-month trends

KPIDirectionSlope (rel %)
Total appointments+0.4%
Face-to-face %-0.9%
Telephone %-0.5%
Same-day %+1.8%
Appts per 1K+0.4%
Triage %+2.1%

Linear regression slope over the last 6 months, expressed as a percentage of the trailing average. Up arrows on triage / waits are unfavourable; up arrows on F2F / same-day are favourable.

Trends & anomalies — AI summary

This month, the total number of appointments stood out with 12446, which is significantly higher than the practice's trailing average of 10150.5. This suggests a notable increase in demand.

Several trends and step changes are worth noting. Firstly, the DNA rate has been decreasing, with a notable drop of 43.3% in 2023-12. Secondly, the video percentage saw a substantial increase of 85.3% in 2023-12, followed by a significant drop of 34% in 2025-02. Lastly, the triage percentage experienced a sharp rise of 81.2% in 2025-01.

To investigate these signals, the practice manager should review the shift in video appointments to understand the cause of the sharp increase and subsequent drop. Additionally, examining the factors contributing to the decreasing DNA rate could provide insights into improving patient attendance.

AI-generated from the analytics below (Amazon Nova Lite · data as of August 2025 · written today). The raw anomalies and step-change tables follow below for verification.

Anomalies detected (6)

total2025-07
value 12446 · avg 10150.5 ± 691.6
total2025-06
value 11330 · avg 9984.2 ± 624.7
dnaRate2025-06
value 1.2 · avg 1.9 ± 0.3
dnaRate2025-05
value 1.4 · avg 1.9 ± 0.2
triagePct2025-03
value 30.9 · avg 15.2 ± 5.6
sameDayPct2025-03
value 44.3 · avg 30 ± 5.9
Months where a KPI moved more than 2 standard deviations from its trailing 12-month average.

Step changes (6)

videoPct2025-05
3.6 → 6.5 (+80.6%)
videoPct2025-02
5.3 → 3.5 (-34%)
videoPct2025-01
11.4 → 5.3 (-53.5%)
triagePct2025-01
13.5 → 24.4 (+81.2%)
videoPct2023-12
7.5 → 13.9 (+85.3%)
dnaRate2023-12
3 → 1.7 (-43.3%)
Month-on-month KPI changes greater than 30% — typically signal an operational or recording-policy shift.

CQC inspection likelihood

highscore 95/100medium confidence
Last inspection: 2018-05-16 · 74 months ago
  • Using CQC review date (2020-02-05) as last assessment. Original inspection date: 2018-05-16.
  • Current rating is good, and the latest CQC assessment date is 2020-02-05 (74 months ago).
  • This matches the current focused-assessment cohort profile (Good/Outstanding with report window 2017–2022).
  • Model is directional: 2 supporting signals are currently unavailable.
  • CQC focused assessments reference 10 non-clinical quality statements and typically provide at least 5 working days notice.

Modelled likelihood of a CQC inspection in the next 12 months. Combines current rating, time since last inspection, and recent regulatory activity. Not an official CQC indicator.

Workforce capacity

GP FTE

10.39

Nurse FTE

6.27

Direct Patient Care FTE

4.33

Admin FTE

29.36

1 practices reporting · 100.0% coverage

Staff group mix

GP10.4 FTE · 21%
Nurse6.3 FTE · 12%
Direct Patient Care4.3 FTE · 9%
Admin29.4 FTE · 58%

Share of total FTE across reporting practices (excludes ARRS roles, which are surfaced separately at the PCN level).

Workforce composition

GP10.39 FTE · 18 headcount
Partner3.67 FTE (35%) · 5 hc
Salaried5.32 FTE (51%) · 11 hc
Training (ST/F)1.07 FTE (10%) · 1 hc
Retainer0.33 FTE (3%) · 1 hc
Nurses6.27 FTE · 8 headcount
Practice Nurse5.27 FTE (84%) · 7 hc
Advanced / Specialist1.00 FTE (16%) · 1 hc
Admin / Non-clinical29.36 FTE · 42 headcount
Management3.95 FTE (13%) · 5 hc
Reception / Admin13.20 FTE (45%) · 18 hc
Estates / Ancillary0.80 FTE (3%) · 3 hc
Other11.41 FTE (39%) · 16 hc
Direct Patient Care4.33 FTE · 6 headcount
Pharmacist1.00 FTE (23%) · 1 hc
HCA / Nursing Assistant3.33 FTE (77%) · 5 hc

Per-role breakdown of each staff group from the latest NHS Digital quarterly snapshot. GP roles split into Partner / Salaried / Training (ST1-ST4 / Foundation) / Locum / Retainer. Practice-level only — parent-level rollup planned.

Workforce trend

2024-032025-032026-030122537GP · 2024-03: 11 FTEGP · 2024-04: 11 FTEGP · 2024-05: 11 FTEGP · 2024-06: 11 FTEGP · 2024-07: 11 FTEGP · 2024-08: 12 FTEGP · 2024-09: 12 FTEGP · 2024-10: 12 FTEGP · 2024-11: 12 FTEGP · 2024-12: 12 FTEGP · 2025-01: 12 FTEGP · 2025-02: 12 FTEGP · 2025-03: 12 FTEGP · 2025-04: 12 FTEGP · 2025-05: 12 FTEGP · 2025-06: 12 FTEGP · 2025-07: 13 FTEGP · 2025-08: 12 FTEGP · 2025-09: 12 FTEGP · 2025-10: 12 FTEGP · 2025-11: 12 FTEGP · 2025-12: 12 FTEGP · 2026-01: 12 FTEGP · 2026-02: 10 FTEGP · 2026-03: 10 FTENurse · 2024-03: 9 FTENurse · 2024-04: 9 FTENurse · 2024-05: 9 FTENurse · 2024-06: 9 FTENurse · 2024-07: 9 FTENurse · 2024-08: 9 FTENurse · 2024-09: 9 FTENurse · 2024-10: 9 FTENurse · 2024-11: 9 FTENurse · 2024-12: 8 FTENurse · 2025-01: 8 FTENurse · 2025-02: 8 FTENurse · 2025-03: 8 FTENurse · 2025-04: 7 FTENurse · 2025-05: 7 FTENurse · 2025-06: 5 FTENurse · 2025-07: 5 FTENurse · 2025-08: 5 FTENurse · 2025-09: 6 FTENurse · 2025-10: 6 FTENurse · 2025-11: 6 FTENurse · 2025-12: 6 FTENurse · 2026-01: 6 FTENurse · 2026-02: 6 FTENurse · 2026-03: 6 FTEDPC · 2024-03: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-04: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-05: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-06: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-07: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-08: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-09: 3 FTEDPC · 2024-10: 3 FTEDPC · 2024-11: 3 FTEDPC · 2024-12: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-01: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-02: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-03: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-04: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-05: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-06: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-07: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-08: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-09: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-10: 3 FTEDPC · 2025-11: 4 FTEDPC · 2025-12: 4 FTEDPC · 2026-01: 4 FTEDPC · 2026-02: 4 FTEDPC · 2026-03: 4 FTEAdmin · 2024-03: 34 FTEAdmin · 2024-04: 33 FTEAdmin · 2024-05: 33 FTEAdmin · 2024-06: 32 FTEAdmin · 2024-07: 33 FTEAdmin · 2024-08: 32 FTEAdmin · 2024-09: 32 FTEAdmin · 2024-10: 32 FTEAdmin · 2024-11: 31 FTEAdmin · 2024-12: 29 FTEAdmin · 2025-01: 30 FTEAdmin · 2025-02: 30 FTEAdmin · 2025-03: 29 FTEAdmin · 2025-04: 29 FTEAdmin · 2025-05: 29 FTEAdmin · 2025-06: 30 FTEAdmin · 2025-07: 30 FTEAdmin · 2025-08: 30 FTEAdmin · 2025-09: 30 FTEAdmin · 2025-10: 31 FTEAdmin · 2025-11: 31 FTEAdmin · 2025-12: 31 FTEAdmin · 2026-01: 31 FTEAdmin · 2026-02: 29 FTEAdmin · 2026-03: 29 FTE

Source: NHS Digital General Practice Workforce — 25 snapshots (2024-03 → 2026-03). Y-axis zoomed to data range.

Patient experience (GPPS)

Overall good79.9%
Phone easy16.5%
Website easy62.6%
100.0% coverage

Prescribing volume

2.13

items per registered patient (latest published period)

1 practices · 100.0% coverage

Data sources: NHS Digital (patient list, appointments, workforce, QOF, GPPS, screening, prescribing), CQC API. Aggregations refreshed 5/26/2026.

Aggregate NHS data only · No individual patient data · No named-person contact details.Source: NHS Digital + NHS England open publications.