GP Practice

Castle Medical Centre

M84013

Compare to

Registered patients

12,801

NHS Digital list size

GP FTE

10.02

NHS Digital workforce

Patients per GP FTE

1,278

Items per patient

1.47

prescribing volume

GPPS overall good

81.8%

patient experience

Access KPIs · August 2025

Same-day %

47%

Month: August 2025

Appts per 1K patients

455

all bookings (incl. triage)

Patient contacts per 1K

454

F2F + phone + video only

28+ day backlog

1.8%

long-wait share

Source: NHS Digital appointments dataset (latest published month).

Operating model mix · August 2025

Face-to-face49.5%
Telephone43.4%
Video / online6.8%
Triage18.7%

Share of appointments by delivery channel in the latest reporting month.

vs National average

KPIThis practiceNational avgΔ
Same-day %47.0%43.0%+4.0%
Face-to-face %49.5%58.4%-8.9%
Telephone %43.4%21.9%+21.5%
Appts per 1K455.1479.7-24.6
Triage %18.7%8.7%+10.0%

National averages computed across 6,144 GP practices. Green Δ = above national for "higher is better" KPIs; red = the opposite.

Access trend (last 12 months)

2023-072024-082025-080234770Same-day % · 2023-07: 51.1%Same-day % · 2023-08: 53.3%Same-day % · 2023-09: 36.1%Same-day % · 2023-10: 44.5%Same-day % · 2023-12: 53.1%Same-day % · 2024-01: 51.3%Same-day % · 2024-02: 49.7%Same-day % · 2024-03: 50.1%Same-day % · 2024-04: 54.2%Same-day % · 2024-05: 49.2%Same-day % · 2024-06: 51.3%Same-day % · 2024-07: 49.8%Same-day % · 2024-08: 50.2%Same-day % · 2024-09: 48.7%Same-day % · 2024-11: 45.0%Same-day % · 2024-12: 48.8%Same-day % · 2025-01: 48.2%Same-day % · 2025-02: 47.8%Same-day % · 2025-03: 46.7%Same-day % · 2025-04: 46.2%Same-day % · 2025-05: 44.2%Same-day % · 2025-06: 45.6%Same-day % · 2025-07: 45.9%Same-day % · 2025-08: 47.0%F2F % · 2023-07: 43.5%F2F % · 2023-08: 41.4%F2F % · 2023-09: 62.9%F2F % · 2023-10: 53.0%F2F % · 2023-12: 45.2%F2F % · 2024-01: 46.0%F2F % · 2024-02: 47.3%F2F % · 2024-03: 46.1%F2F % · 2024-04: 46.4%F2F % · 2024-05: 47.9%F2F % · 2024-06: 45.0%F2F % · 2024-07: 45.0%F2F % · 2024-08: 45.9%F2F % · 2024-09: 48.6%F2F % · 2024-11: 47.7%F2F % · 2024-12: 46.4%F2F % · 2025-01: 46.8%F2F % · 2025-02: 44.9%F2F % · 2025-03: 48.0%F2F % · 2025-04: 46.1%F2F % · 2025-05: 46.3%F2F % · 2025-06: 45.1%F2F % · 2025-07: 46.3%F2F % · 2025-08: 49.5%Phone % · 2023-07: 56.0%Phone % · 2023-08: 58.1%Phone % · 2023-09: 36.8%Phone % · 2023-10: 46.5%Phone % · 2023-12: 53.8%Phone % · 2024-01: 53.1%Phone % · 2024-02: 52.0%Phone % · 2024-03: 53.5%Phone % · 2024-04: 53.2%Phone % · 2024-05: 51.6%Phone % · 2024-06: 52.4%Phone % · 2024-07: 53.5%Phone % · 2024-08: 53.2%Phone % · 2024-09: 49.7%Phone % · 2024-11: 51.8%Phone % · 2024-12: 53.4%Phone % · 2025-01: 52.9%Phone % · 2025-02: 53.8%Phone % · 2025-03: 49.7%Phone % · 2025-04: 51.6%Phone % · 2025-05: 50.3%Phone % · 2025-06: 50.0%Phone % · 2025-07: 48.5%Phone % · 2025-08: 43.4%Video % · 2023-07: 0.0%Video % · 2023-08: 0.0%Video % · 2023-09: 0.0%Video % · 2023-10: 0.0%Video % · 2023-12: 0.0%Video % · 2024-01: 0.0%Video % · 2024-02: 0.0%Video % · 2024-03: 0.0%Video % · 2024-04: 0.0%Video % · 2024-05: 0.0%Video % · 2024-06: 2.2%Video % · 2024-07: 0.8%Video % · 2024-08: 0.4%Video % · 2024-09: 0.0%Video % · 2024-11: 0.1%Video % · 2024-12: 0.0%Video % · 2025-01: 0.0%Video % · 2025-02: 1.1%Video % · 2025-03: 1.9%Video % · 2025-04: 2.0%Video % · 2025-05: 3.2%Video % · 2025-06: 4.8%Video % · 2025-07: 4.7%Video % · 2025-08: 6.8%Triage % · 2023-07: 32.9%Triage % · 2023-08: 37.1%Triage % · 2023-09: 24.7%Triage % · 2023-10: 29.2%Triage % · 2023-12: 34.6%Triage % · 2024-01: 31.8%Triage % · 2024-02: 29.4%Triage % · 2024-03: 29.5%Triage % · 2024-04: 32.7%Triage % · 2024-05: 30.5%Triage % · 2024-06: 30.3%Triage % · 2024-07: 27.9%Triage % · 2024-08: 31.1%Triage % · 2024-09: 27.5%Triage % · 2024-11: 26.6%Triage % · 2024-12: 27.5%Triage % · 2025-01: 30.6%Triage % · 2025-02: 27.2%Triage % · 2025-03: 25.9%Triage % · 2025-04: 26.8%Triage % · 2025-05: 22.4%Triage % · 2025-06: 20.0%Triage % · 2025-07: 19.3%Triage % · 2025-08: 18.7%

NHS Digital appointments dataset · last 24 months (2023-07 → 2025-08). Click a chip to toggle a series; the y-axis re-zooms to fit.

Total appointments (last 12 months)

2023-072024-082025-085,2357,2729,30911,3462023-07: 6,839 appointments2023-08: 7,037 appointments2023-09: 10,755 appointments2023-10: 9,145 appointments2023-12: 6,874 appointments2024-01: 8,047 appointments2024-02: 7,007 appointments2024-03: 6,611 appointments2024-04: 7,155 appointments2024-05: 6,866 appointments2024-06: 6,785 appointments2024-07: 7,582 appointments2024-08: 6,957 appointments2024-09: 8,433 appointments2024-11: 7,630 appointments2024-12: 6,673 appointments2025-01: 7,929 appointments2025-02: 6,565 appointments2025-03: 7,050 appointments2025-04: 6,967 appointments2025-05: 6,931 appointments2025-06: 7,436 appointments2025-07: 7,309 appointments2025-08: 5,826 appointments

Raw appointment count per month, last 24 months. Single-practice count.

Demand — appointments per 1,000 patients (last 12 months)

2023-072024-082025-084095687278862023-07: 534.3 appts per 1,000 patients2023-08: 549.7 appts per 1,000 patients2023-09: 840.2 appts per 1,000 patients2023-10: 714.4 appts per 1,000 patients2023-12: 537 appts per 1,000 patients2024-01: 628.6 appts per 1,000 patients2024-02: 547.4 appts per 1,000 patients2024-03: 516.4 appts per 1,000 patients2024-04: 558.9 appts per 1,000 patients2024-05: 536.4 appts per 1,000 patients2024-06: 530 appts per 1,000 patients2024-07: 592.3 appts per 1,000 patients2024-08: 543.5 appts per 1,000 patients2024-09: 658.8 appts per 1,000 patients2024-11: 596 appts per 1,000 patients2024-12: 521.3 appts per 1,000 patients2025-01: 619.4 appts per 1,000 patients2025-02: 512.9 appts per 1,000 patients2025-03: 550.7 appts per 1,000 patients2025-04: 544.3 appts per 1,000 patients2025-05: 541.4 appts per 1,000 patients2025-06: 580.9 appts per 1,000 patients2025-07: 571 appts per 1,000 patients2025-08: 455.1 appts per 1,000 patients

Monthly appointments per 1,000 registered patients — list-size-normalised demand. Last 24 months.

Wait time distribution · last 24 months

0%25%50%75%100%July 2023 · Same day: 51.1%July 2023 · 1 day: 10.0%July 2023 · 2–7 days: 23.3%July 2023 · 8–14 days: 8.8%July 2023 · 15–21 days: 4.3%July 2023 · 22–28 days: 1.5%July 2023 · > 28 days: 0.9%August 2023 · Same day: 53.3%August 2023 · 1 day: 11.4%August 2023 · 2–7 days: 20.6%August 2023 · 8–14 days: 8.9%August 2023 · 15–21 days: 2.5%August 2023 · 22–28 days: 2.0%August 2023 · > 28 days: 1.3%September 2023 · Same day: 36.1%September 2023 · 1 day: 9.2%September 2023 · 2–7 days: 20.7%September 2023 · 8–14 days: 9.4%September 2023 · 15–21 days: 11.3%September 2023 · 22–28 days: 11.4%September 2023 · > 28 days: 2.0%October 2023 · Same day: 44.5%October 2023 · 1 day: 8.5%October 2023 · 2–7 days: 20.0%October 2023 · 8–14 days: 15.4%October 2023 · 15–21 days: 7.7%October 2023 · 22–28 days: 2.3%October 2023 · > 28 days: 1.7%December 2023 · Same day: 53.1%December 2023 · 1 day: 12.4%December 2023 · 2–7 days: 18.8%December 2023 · 8–14 days: 9.7%December 2023 · 15–21 days: 3.5%December 2023 · 22–28 days: 1.6%December 2023 · > 28 days: 0.9%January 2024 · Same day: 51.3%January 2024 · 1 day: 10.7%January 2024 · 2–7 days: 23.9%January 2024 · 8–14 days: 6.8%January 2024 · 15–21 days: 2.7%January 2024 · 22–28 days: 2.1%January 2024 · > 28 days: 2.4%February 2024 · Same day: 49.7%February 2024 · 1 day: 9.3%February 2024 · 2–7 days: 22.7%February 2024 · 8–14 days: 11.1%February 2024 · 15–21 days: 3.6%February 2024 · 22–28 days: 1.9%February 2024 · > 28 days: 1.7%March 2024 · Same day: 50.1%March 2024 · 1 day: 9.1%March 2024 · 2–7 days: 19.8%March 2024 · 8–14 days: 12.2%March 2024 · 15–21 days: 4.4%March 2024 · 22–28 days: 2.6%March 2024 · > 28 days: 1.6%April 2024 · Same day: 54.2%April 2024 · 1 day: 9.4%April 2024 · 2–7 days: 19.2%April 2024 · 8–14 days: 9.8%April 2024 · 15–21 days: 4.0%April 2024 · 22–28 days: 2.1%April 2024 · > 28 days: 1.3%May 2024 · Same day: 49.2%May 2024 · 1 day: 9.5%May 2024 · 2–7 days: 22.1%May 2024 · 8–14 days: 11.2%May 2024 · 15–21 days: 4.1%May 2024 · 22–28 days: 2.5%May 2024 · > 28 days: 1.4%June 2024 · Same day: 51.3%June 2024 · 1 day: 10.1%June 2024 · 2–7 days: 23.1%June 2024 · 8–14 days: 9.5%June 2024 · 15–21 days: 3.4%June 2024 · 22–28 days: 1.5%June 2024 · > 28 days: 1.1%July 2024 · Same day: 49.8%July 2024 · 1 day: 12.3%July 2024 · 2–7 days: 23.6%July 2024 · 8–14 days: 8.8%July 2024 · 15–21 days: 2.8%July 2024 · 22–28 days: 1.6%July 2024 · > 28 days: 1.0%August 2024 · Same day: 50.2%August 2024 · 1 day: 10.3%August 2024 · 2–7 days: 23.8%August 2024 · 8–14 days: 10.7%August 2024 · 15–21 days: 2.5%August 2024 · 22–28 days: 1.4%August 2024 · > 28 days: 1.1%September 2024 · Same day: 48.7%September 2024 · 1 day: 10.0%September 2024 · 2–7 days: 24.6%September 2024 · 8–14 days: 9.7%September 2024 · 15–21 days: 3.7%September 2024 · 22–28 days: 2.0%September 2024 · > 28 days: 1.3%November 2024 · Same day: 45.0%November 2024 · 1 day: 12.1%November 2024 · 2–7 days: 28.6%November 2024 · 8–14 days: 8.6%November 2024 · 15–21 days: 2.7%November 2024 · 22–28 days: 2.0%November 2024 · > 28 days: 1.1%December 2024 · Same day: 48.8%December 2024 · 1 day: 11.5%December 2024 · 2–7 days: 23.3%December 2024 · 8–14 days: 10.9%December 2024 · 15–21 days: 3.2%December 2024 · 22–28 days: 1.3%December 2024 · > 28 days: 0.9%January 2025 · Same day: 48.2%January 2025 · 1 day: 12.3%January 2025 · 2–7 days: 20.9%January 2025 · 8–14 days: 8.5%January 2025 · 15–21 days: 5.6%January 2025 · 22–28 days: 2.5%January 2025 · > 28 days: 2.1%February 2025 · Same day: 47.8%February 2025 · 1 day: 11.1%February 2025 · 2–7 days: 22.2%February 2025 · 8–14 days: 8.2%February 2025 · 15–21 days: 6.8%February 2025 · 22–28 days: 3.0%February 2025 · > 28 days: 0.9%March 2025 · Same day: 46.7%March 2025 · 1 day: 12.7%March 2025 · 2–7 days: 22.6%March 2025 · 8–14 days: 9.0%March 2025 · 15–21 days: 5.5%March 2025 · 22–28 days: 2.6%March 2025 · > 28 days: 0.9%April 2025 · Same day: 46.2%April 2025 · 1 day: 11.2%April 2025 · 2–7 days: 20.7%April 2025 · 8–14 days: 10.2%April 2025 · 15–21 days: 6.6%April 2025 · 22–28 days: 3.8%April 2025 · > 28 days: 1.3%May 2025 · Same day: 44.2%May 2025 · 1 day: 11.0%May 2025 · 2–7 days: 21.5%May 2025 · 8–14 days: 12.5%May 2025 · 15–21 days: 6.4%May 2025 · 22–28 days: 2.9%May 2025 · > 28 days: 1.6%June 2025 · Same day: 45.6%June 2025 · 1 day: 10.5%June 2025 · 2–7 days: 26.3%June 2025 · 8–14 days: 11.8%June 2025 · 15–21 days: 2.8%June 2025 · 22–28 days: 2.0%June 2025 · > 28 days: 1.0%July 2025 · Same day: 45.9%July 2025 · 1 day: 10.9%July 2025 · 2–7 days: 27.4%July 2025 · 8–14 days: 10.3%July 2025 · 15–21 days: 2.7%July 2025 · 22–28 days: 1.7%July 2025 · > 28 days: 1.1%August 2025 · Same day: 47.0%August 2025 · 1 day: 8.7%August 2025 · 2–7 days: 22.8%August 2025 · 8–14 days: 12.0%August 2025 · 15–21 days: 4.8%August 2025 · 22–28 days: 2.7%August 2025 · > 28 days: 1.8%Jul '23Oct '23Feb '24May '24Aug '24Dec '24Mar '25Jun '25Aug '25
Same day
1 day
2–7 days
8–14 days
15–21 days
22–28 days
> 28 days

Share of booked appointments by booking-to-appointment wait, one stacked bar per published month. Greener bars = stronger same-day access; redder bars = longer-wait backlog. Defaults to the last 24 months (max 24 on the public surface).

Demand pressure

MEDIUMscore 41/100
  • Very high demand (>500 appts/1K)

Composite score across appointment volume, same-day access and long-wait share over the last 3 months.

6-month trends

KPIDirectionSlope (rel %)
Total appointments-1.9%
Face-to-face %+0.4%
Telephone %-2.4%
Same-day %+0.1%
Appts per 1K-1.9%
Triage %-7.9%

Linear regression slope over the last 6 months, expressed as a percentage of the trailing average. Up arrows on triage / waits are unfavourable; up arrows on F2F / same-day are favourable.

Trends & anomalies — AI summary

In August 2025, the practice saw a notable drop in total appointments compared to its trailing average, with a 19.4% decrease. The total number of appointments per thousand patients fell from 7288.5 to 5826, indicating a significant reduction in overall activity.

Several trends and step changes stood out this month. The video appointment percentage increased by 44.7% from 4.7% to 6.8%, marking a substantial rise. Additionally, the phone appointment percentage dropped by 16.1% from 51.5% to 43.4%, suggesting a shift in patient communication preferences. The triage percentage also saw a significant decline, dropping by 28.3% from 26.1% to 18.7%.

To investigate these changes, the practice manager should review the shift in video appointment usage to understand if it aligns with any recent system changes or patient feedback. Additionally, verifying whether the drop in phone appointments correlates with any changes in staff availability or patient access policies could provide valuable insights.

AI-generated from the analytics below (Amazon Nova Lite · data as of August 2025 · written today). The raw anomalies and step-change tables follow below for verification.

Anomalies detected (6)

triagePct2025-08
value 18.7 · avg 26.1 ± 3.6
phonePct2025-08
value 43.4 · avg 51.5 ± 1.8
f2fPct2025-08
value 49.5 · avg 46.4 ± 1.1
total2025-08
value 5826 · avg 7288.5 ± 520
triagePct2025-07
value 19.3 · avg 27 ± 3.1
phonePct2025-07
value 48.5 · avg 51.9 ± 1.5
Months where a KPI moved more than 2 standard deviations from its trailing 12-month average.

Step changes (6)

videoPct2025-08
4.7 → 6.8 (+44.7%)
videoPct2025-06
3.2 → 4.8 (+50%)
videoPct2025-05
2 → 3.2 (+60%)
videoPct2025-03
1.1 → 1.9 (+72.7%)
videoPct2024-12
0.1 → 0 (-100%)
videoPct2024-09
0.4 → 0 (-100%)
Month-on-month KPI changes greater than 30% — typically signal an operational or recording-policy shift.

CQC inspection likelihood

mediumscore 47/100medium confidence
Last inspection: 2015-03-05 · 33 months ago
  • Using CQC review date (2023-07-06) as last assessment. Original inspection date: 2015-03-05.
  • Current rating is outstanding, and the latest CQC assessment date is 2023-07-06 (33 months ago).
  • Report date falls outside the 2017–2022 focused-assessment window signal.
  • Model is directional: 2 supporting signals are currently unavailable.
  • CQC focused assessments reference 10 non-clinical quality statements and typically provide at least 5 working days notice.

Modelled likelihood of a CQC inspection in the next 12 months. Combines current rating, time since last inspection, and recent regulatory activity. Not an official CQC indicator.

Workforce capacity

GP FTE

10.02

Nurse FTE

3.56

Direct Patient Care FTE

1.52

Admin FTE

16.29

1 practices reporting · 100.0% coverage

Staff group mix

GP10.0 FTE · 32%
Nurse3.6 FTE · 11%
Direct Patient Care1.5 FTE · 5%
Admin16.3 FTE · 52%

Share of total FTE across reporting practices (excludes ARRS roles, which are surfaced separately at the PCN level).

Workforce composition

GP10.03 FTE · 16 headcount
Partner1.77 FTE (18%) · 2 hc
Salaried5.06 FTE (50%) · 10 hc
Training (ST/F)3.20 FTE (32%) · 4 hc
Nurses3.56 FTE · 5 headcount
Practice Nurse1.96 FTE (55%) · 3 hc
Advanced / Specialist1.60 FTE (45%) · 2 hc
Admin / Non-clinical16.29 FTE · 22 headcount
Management4.11 FTE (25%) · 5 hc
Reception / Admin6.73 FTE (41%) · 11 hc
Apprentice2.00 FTE (12%) · 2 hc
Other3.45 FTE (21%) · 4 hc
Direct Patient Care1.52 FTE · 4 headcount
Pharmacist0.43 FTE (28%) · 1 hc
HCA / Nursing Assistant0.59 FTE (39%) · 2 hc
Other0.50 FTE (33%) · 1 hc

Per-role breakdown of each staff group from the latest NHS Digital quarterly snapshot. GP roles split into Partner / Salaried / Training (ST1-ST4 / Foundation) / Locum / Retainer. Practice-level only — parent-level rollup planned.

Workforce trend

2024-032025-032026-03061218GP · 2024-03: 9 FTEGP · 2024-04: 9 FTEGP · 2024-05: 9 FTEGP · 2024-06: 9 FTEGP · 2024-07: 9 FTEGP · 2024-08: 11 FTEGP · 2024-09: 9 FTEGP · 2024-10: 9 FTEGP · 2024-11: 9 FTEGP · 2024-12: 10 FTEGP · 2025-01: 10 FTEGP · 2025-02: 9 FTEGP · 2025-03: 9 FTEGP · 2025-04: 9 FTEGP · 2025-05: 9 FTEGP · 2025-06: 9 FTEGP · 2025-07: 9 FTEGP · 2025-08: 9 FTEGP · 2025-09: 9 FTEGP · 2025-10: 9 FTEGP · 2025-11: 9 FTEGP · 2025-12: 10 FTEGP · 2026-01: 10 FTEGP · 2026-02: 10 FTEGP · 2026-03: 10 FTENurse · 2024-03: 3 FTENurse · 2024-04: 3 FTENurse · 2024-05: 3 FTENurse · 2024-06: 3 FTENurse · 2024-07: 3 FTENurse · 2024-08: 3 FTENurse · 2024-09: 3 FTENurse · 2024-10: 3 FTENurse · 2024-11: 4 FTENurse · 2024-12: 4 FTENurse · 2025-01: 4 FTENurse · 2025-02: 4 FTENurse · 2025-03: 4 FTENurse · 2025-04: 4 FTENurse · 2025-05: 4 FTENurse · 2025-06: 4 FTENurse · 2025-07: 4 FTENurse · 2025-08: 4 FTENurse · 2025-09: 4 FTENurse · 2025-10: 4 FTENurse · 2025-11: 4 FTENurse · 2025-12: 4 FTENurse · 2026-01: 4 FTENurse · 2026-02: 4 FTENurse · 2026-03: 4 FTEDPC · 2024-03: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-04: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-05: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-06: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-07: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-08: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-09: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-10: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-11: 1 FTEDPC · 2024-12: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-01: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-02: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-03: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-04: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-05: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-06: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-07: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-08: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-09: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-10: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-11: 1 FTEDPC · 2025-12: 1 FTEDPC · 2026-01: 2 FTEDPC · 2026-02: 2 FTEDPC · 2026-03: 2 FTEAdmin · 2024-03: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-04: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-05: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-06: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-07: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-08: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-09: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-10: 15 FTEAdmin · 2024-11: 16 FTEAdmin · 2024-12: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-01: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-02: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-03: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-04: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-05: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-06: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-07: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-08: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-09: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-10: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-11: 16 FTEAdmin · 2025-12: 16 FTEAdmin · 2026-01: 16 FTEAdmin · 2026-02: 16 FTEAdmin · 2026-03: 16 FTE

Source: NHS Digital General Practice Workforce — 25 snapshots (2024-03 → 2026-03). Y-axis zoomed to data range.

Patient experience (GPPS)

Overall good81.8%
Phone easy17.4%
Website easy66.3%
100.0% coverage

Prescribing volume

1.47

items per registered patient (latest published period)

1 practices · 100.0% coverage

Data sources: NHS Digital (patient list, appointments, workforce, QOF, GPPS, screening, prescribing), CQC API. Aggregations refreshed 5/26/2026.

Aggregate NHS data only · No individual patient data · No named-person contact details.Source: NHS Digital + NHS England open publications.